April 2014

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kegunaan STRING pada PHP

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<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></strong>
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<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">adshlases()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Fungsi ini mengembalikan nilai
string dengan backslashes ( tanda “\”) sebelum tanda kutip tunggal atau tanda
kutip ganda<br />
Jadi jika didalam string ada tanda kutip tunggal atau ganda, maka akan
ditambahkan backslashes ( tanda “\”) sebelum tanda kutip didalam string
tersebut<br />
contoh :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php $str = “Sekarang hari jum’at”;  </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo addslashes($str); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">//Hasilnya : Sekarang hari jum\’at ?></span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan hasilnya adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span>
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN"></span></span></i><br />
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">chr()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Fungsi ini digunakan ketika user ingin mengetahui karakter
dari sebuah nilai ASCII. Misalnya kita ingin tahu karakter dari nilai ASCII 97,
maka berikut programnya:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php $kode = 81; $str = chr($kode); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo “karakter dengan kode ascii $kode adalah $str”; </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">//Hasilnya : karakter dengan kode ascii 81 adalah Q</span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan hasilnya adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span>
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN"></span></span></i><br />
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">crypt()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Crypt meupakan fungsi yang ada di
PHP yang bisa digunakan untuk One-way string hashing dengan beberapa metode
hash. One-way hashing maksudnya string tidak bisa dikembalikan ke string semula
setelah dienkripsi (hash). Kalo dikatakan dienkrip kurang tepat karena hasi
dari hash tidak bisa didekrip alias tidak bisa dikembalikan ke string aslinya.
Metode-metode hash yang ada pada fungsi Crypt saat ini yatu DES Standar, DES
Extended, MD5, Blowfish, SHA256, dan SHA512. Sehingga, Crypt tidak bisa
digunakan untuk enkripsi script karena script yang dienkripsi tidak bisa
didekripsi lagi.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Pada dasarnya, fungsi cript() ini
mempunyai struktur sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable"><tbody>
<tr><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"></td><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">string crypt ( string $str [, string $salt ]
  )</span></span></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
</td><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" valign="top"></td></tr>
<tr><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"></td><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"></td><td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" valign="top"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">$str adalah string yang akan
dihash, sedangakan $salt adalah string yang digunakan sebagai kunci atau
penambah panjang string. Atau begini saja, saya ambil pengertian salt dari
wikipedia:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Salt memiliki arti harfiah garam (bahasa inggris). Dalam
kriptografi, salt yang terdiri bit acak yang digunakan sebagai salah satu
masukan untuk kunci fungsi turunan. Masukan lain biasanya kata sandi. Keluaran
dari fungsi kunci turunannya disimpan sebagai sandi versi dienkripsi. Sebuah
salt juga dapat digunakan sebagai bagian dari kunci dalam memecahkan algoritma
kriptografi atau lainnya. Kunci fungsi turunan biasanya menggunakan fungsi hash
kriptografi. Kadang-kadang inisiasi vektor, yang nilai yang sebelumnya
dihasilkan, akan digunakan sebagai salt. Sebagian data kamus serangan salt
menggunakan pra-enkripsi dari masukan kamus: Setiap sedikit salt menggunakan
dua kali lipat jumlah penyimpanan serta komputasi yang diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Contoh Programnya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo() berfungsi untuk menampilkan
satu atau lebih data string kedalam internet browser. Fungsi echo() ini sering
digunakan oleh programmer karena penggunaannya yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam
pemograman, dan juga karena sangat mudah digunakan.<br />
Fungsi echo() memiliki keunikan tersendiri, dimana bisa menyediakan lebih dari
satu buah parameter, dengan parameter dasarnya adalah: $arg1<br />
Semua data di Parameter yang ada bisa Anda masukkan secara langsung ke dalam
fungsi echo(), atau dengan bantuan variable terlebih dahulu. Silahkan masukkan
data yang Anda inginkan berdasarkan kebutuhan yang sedang Anda hadapi, atau
dengan menggunakan metode gaya penulisan favorit Anda.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">berikut ini contoh sederhana penggunaan fungsi echo()<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php
$Data1    =”Provinsi Kalimantan Barat”; </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">$Data2    =”Kota
Pontianak”; </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo (“$Data1″); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo (“<BR>\n”); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo (“$Data2″); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">
<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan hasilnya adalah :</span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
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<i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN"></span></span></i></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">explode()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Fungsi explode() berfungsi untuk memisahkan sebuah string
menjadi array dengan pembatas yang ditentukan. Jenis pembatasnya bisa bebas
saja, tapi lebih bagus sebagai tanda-tanda saja seperti titik (.), strip (-),
garis miring(/) dan lain sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Format dasarnya seperti ini:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">explode(“tanda-pemisah”, string);</span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Berikut Contoh Programanya :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php $str = ‘one|two|three|four’;  </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">print_r(explode(‘|’,$str));  </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">// hanya 2 elemen array </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">print_r(explode(‘|’, $str, 2)); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan hasilnya adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
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<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">htmlentities()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Fungsi ini digunakan untuk menghentikan proses penerjemaahan
tag HTML oleh browser, sehingga tag HTML akan dibiarkan muncul seperti apa
adanya, tanpa diterjemahkan oleh browser. Sintaksnya adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Htmlentities(string)<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Contoh:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php $str = “<a href=’test.htm’> Klik Di Sini
</a>”; </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">$hasil = htmlentities($str); </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo “$str”; </span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo “$hasil”;</span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Jika variabel $str langsung dikenai fungsi echo(), maka yang
muncul adalah link yang bertuliskan “Klik Di Sini”, tapi jika dikenai
htmlentities() terlebih dahulu seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh variabel $hasil,
maka yang muncul adalah “<a href=’test.htm’> Klik Di Sini </a>”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Hal seperti ini berguna misalnya jika kita hendak menampilkan
tutorial penggunaan HTML dalam bentuk file HTML juga. Seperti contoh tersebut,
misalnya kita hendak memberi pelajaran bagaimana membuat sebuah link. Jika
hendak menuliskan “<a href=’test.htm’> Klik Di Sini </a>” tanpa
diterjemahkan oleh browser, maka kita harus menuliskannya sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><a href=’test.htm’ > Klik Di Sini </a><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Tentunya sangat sulit dan menyita waktu bukan? Htmlentities()
akan mempermudah pekerjaan kita.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span>

<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">htmlspecialchars()</span></i></span></strong><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Htmlspecialchars adalah sebuah
fungsi atau sebuah perintah atau sintax yang di miliki oleh PHP yang berguna
untuk menontaktifkan seluruh perintah – perintah html mengubah specialpada
sebuah halamn web. Yang artinya mempertahankan penulisan HTML pada sebuah
tampilan HTML. Htmlspecialchars digunakan ketika anda akan menuliskan kode HTML
pada file berekstensi HTML namun karakter-karakter special tetap ingin
dipertahankan pada saat tampil dibrowser. Pada saat kita menginputkan komentar,
saya beri contoh komentar pada bukutamu, jika pengunjung memasukkan komentar
missal <b>Tebal</b> maka yang akan ditampilkan adalah tulisan Tebal,
tetapi jika kita menggunakan htmlspecialchars( ); maka komentar yang di
tampilkan adalah <b>Tebal</b>. hasilnya perintah html tidak aktif dan
perintah tetap di tampilkan pada komentar bukutamu.<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">codingnya :<o:p></o:p></span></i></span></div>
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php $new=htmlspecialchars(“<a
href=’test’>Test</a>”, ENT_QUOTES);</span></span></em><span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></i><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">echo $new;</span></em><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></i><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></em><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan ini hasil nya:</span></i></span><br />
<span lang="IN"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></i></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
<span lang="IN"><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></em></span>
<span lang="IN"><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></em></span>
<span lang="IN"><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></em></span>
<span lang="IN"><em><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></em></span>
<span lang="IN"></span><br />
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">implode()</span></span></strong><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Implode adalah suatu fungsi
yang di gunakan untuk menyatukan beberapa data, misalnya saya punya array str
yang isinya  a b dan c, saya ingin menggabungkan setiap lemen arraynya dan
menyimpannya dalam sebuah variabel, berikut penerapannya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php</span></span></em><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
<em>$date = ’28-10-2009′;</em><br />
<em>$split = split(‘-’, $date);</em><br />
<em>krsort($split);</em><br />
<em>$rev_date = implode(‘-’, $split); // ’2009-10-28′</em><br />
<em>echo $rev_date;</em><br />
<em>?></em><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan hasilnya adalah :</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-style: italic; text-align: center;">
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<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><strong><span lang="IN" style="color: black;">join()</span></strong><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">

</span><br />
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN">Fungsi ini pada prinsipnya
adalah  kebalikan fungsi split(),  yaitu digunakan  untuk
mengumpulkan komponen- komponen array menjadi suatu string.  Sintaksnya
adalah sebagai berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span lang="IN">join(karakter, (......................)
array)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN">penerapannya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN"><?php    $var =
array(‘ (........................</span></em><span lang="IN"><em>)03′,
’07′, ’1973′);    </em><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN">$tanggal = join(“/”,
$var);    </span></em><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic; text-align: justify;">
<em><span lang="IN">echo “$tanggal”;   
?></span></em><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-style: italic;">
<br /></div>
<span lang="IN"><i>Setelah pada bahasan sebelumnya kita telah membahas tentang variabel dan tipe data dalam PHP</i><i>,
dalam kesempatan kali ini kita akan pelajari tentang operator dalam PHP.<o:p></o:p></i></span><br />

<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span lang="IN">Operator merupakan suatu simbol yang dipakai untuk
memanipulasi data, seperti perkalian, penjumlahan, pengurangan, pembagian.
Dalam PHP ada beberapa operator yang sering kita gunakan, antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span lang="IN"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span lang="IN"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-style: italic;">
<span lang="IN"><br /></span></div>
</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></p>

adshlases() Fungsi ini mengembalikan nilai string dengan backslashes ( tanda “\”) sebelum tanda kutip tunggal atau tanda kutip ganda ...

Cara Dasar PHP

<p><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Syntax Dasar PHP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 32px;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">File PHP bisa saja hanya diisi oleh script php. Namun
dalam sebuah website, php biasanya bergandengan dengan html. Itulah sebabnya,
sebelum belajar php kita disarankan agar memahami terlebih dahulu bahasa HTML.
Pada kesempatan kali ini saya akan menjelaskan tentang syntax syntax dasar pada
pemrograman PHP serta contoh pengimplementasiannya pada HTML<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<b>

</b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<b><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Berikut merupakan aturan-aturan dan cara penulisan
perintah perintah pada pemrograman PHP.<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold;">
</div>
<div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1. Script php selalu diawali dengan syntax :</span></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;">
</span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://mamplam.com/blog/syntax-dasar-php/"><span style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?</span></span></a></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?php</span></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">ataupun bisa
juga dengan syntax :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://mamplam.com/blog/syntax-dasar-php/"><span style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?</span></span></a></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><?</span></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">dan selalu
diakhiri dengan syntax :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://mamplam.com/blog/syntax-dasar-php/"><span style="color: blue;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?</span></span></a></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
 <tbody>
<tr>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">?></span></span><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Dalam hal
ini kita lebih direkomendasikan untuk menggunakan syntax “<?php”
dibandingkan “<?” .  Syntax “<?php” sendiri biasa disebut escaping
html karena syntax tersebut berfungsi keluar dari script html dan merupakan
deklarasi awal dimulainya sebuah script php.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">2. Setiap
baris perintah kode php selalu diakhiri dengan semicolon ( ; ). Semicolon atau
titik koma ini berfungsi sebagai pemisah antara perintah satu dengan perintah
yang lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Sebagai
contoh , dibawah ini kita akan membuat suatu program php yang menampilkan
kalimat “PHP by MAMPLAM” ketika dieksekusi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Untuk itu
bukalah editor php anda dan ketikkan kode seperti dibawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN"><a href="http://mamplam.com/blog/syntax-dasar-php/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">?</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;">

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: left;">
 <tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><?php</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">print</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">"PHP
  by MAMPLAM";</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">?></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="display: inline !important; line-height: normal;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lalu save lah dengan nama HelloMamplam.php.
Perhatikan , pada proses penyimpanan file, jangan lupakan ekstensi .php nya,
dan pada bagian “Save As Type” pastikan anda memilih “All files” . Sebagai
contoh bagi yang menggunakan notepad  :</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></div>
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span></span></span></div>
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</span></span>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEnnnznS_QvjTA9pp67TMXYthOXnnGwfSJp6DFRw_XEtEnjC-_cSl6BsfGKzFvB1XtI4sVS-Wh-xqItcq3AqToM9IQEgA31h3T4UtFejBijNxnjwameg2UctJXGRTZGUttkeIctShTrCsp/s1600/b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEnnnznS_QvjTA9pp67TMXYthOXnnGwfSJp6DFRw_XEtEnjC-_cSl6BsfGKzFvB1XtI4sVS-Wh-xqItcq3AqToM9IQEgA31h3T4UtFejBijNxnjwameg2UctJXGRTZGUttkeIctShTrCsp/s1600/b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika sudah , simpanlah file tersebut pada dokumen web
server . Secara default dokumen web server adalah folder<b> htdocs </b>yang
berada di dalam folder xampp . Jika anda tidak mengubah tempat penginstalan
xampp saat proses penginstalan, maka folder htdocs berada di “C:\xampp\htdocs”
. <b>File PHP hanya bisa dibaca jika file tersebut berada pada dokumen
webserver ( htdocs ) . </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="font-weight: bold;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: 800;">

</span></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Mengeksekusi
File</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: inline !important; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Jika sudah tersimpan, maka saatnya bagi kita untuk
mengeksekusi file php dan <i>test drive </i>program hellomamplam.php yang telah
kita buat tadi. Mengeksekusi file php tidak bisa dengan cara men-double klik
file “hellomamplam.php”. Untuk mengeksekusinya bukalah web browser ( firefox ,
chrome , dll )  lalu ketikkan  </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://localhost/helloworld.php"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">http://localhost/hellomamplam.php</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> pada address bar nya dan tekan enter . Jika tidak
ada kesalahan maka akan muncul tampilan seperti di bawah ini:</span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span><br /></span>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgucaZ7TFdumEfEu-yp7EkEL1hfjzYAXxlvgVNfRd_1X-an_LdbGt8FIzpZLjO21A4K6lQqYFq0oDF7QNSwpcAjbLe67X1cplsIFkHLtnns7TtuJzj9LiuKBPIJ_RiJS8hgjtt92TY5JhMc/s1600/c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgucaZ7TFdumEfEu-yp7EkEL1hfjzYAXxlvgVNfRd_1X-an_LdbGt8FIzpZLjO21A4K6lQqYFq0oDF7QNSwpcAjbLe67X1cplsIFkHLtnns7TtuJzj9LiuKBPIJ_RiJS8hgjtt92TY5JhMc/s1600/c.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b></b></span><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; display: inline !important; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">jika terdapat kesalahan coba cek lagi script yang anda
ketikkan tadi mungkin terdapat kesalahan, karena php tidak mentolerir kesalahan
sekecil apapun .<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Membuat
komentar pada PHP</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lazimnya setiap bahasa pemrograman memiliki suatu
fungsi komentar . Comments ( Komentar ) pada bahasa pemrograman adalah suatu
baris dan/atau blok yang biasanya digunakan sebagai dokumentasi sebuah program.
Blok kode dan perintah-perintah yang berada di dalam komentar tidak akan
dieksekusi.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Ada dua cara membuat komentar pada pemrograman php,
yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1. Menggunakan tanda double slash ( // ) . Ini
digunakan ketika membuat komentar yang terdiri hanya dari satu baris.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
</b></span></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2. Isi komentar berada diantara tanda ( /* ) dan (* /
) . Digunakan ketika ingin membuat komentar yang terdiri lebih dari satu baris
.<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Untuk contohnya , ketiklah kode dibawah ini pada
editor anda :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN"><a href="http://mamplam.com/blog/syntax-dasar-php/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">?</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="text-align: left;">
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<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">2<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">5<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">7<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
  <td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><?php</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">/* tes membuat komentar</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">tutor by : mamplam.com</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">date : 9 november 2012 */</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">echo</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">"Contoh
  membuat komentar"; //menampilkan kata Contoh membuat komentar pada web
  browser</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">// ini contoh komentar satu baris</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">/* ini komentar </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">yang lebih dari </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">satu baris */</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">?></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
 </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">save dengan
nama komentar.php , lalu jalankan di webbrowser anda . maka hasilnya akan
seperti di bawah ini :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</b></span></span></div>
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold;">
</span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYzvLoO6b43HlrKq-1hKeF6PZ0D5jnnOj3ZFBP81oTCMPNp25dcLfeDndr73Wn10vPvziCxLlTnFtZvVVKoiyAZKygQDxNPrWQRHxdRjKrvoQNd7QO1Roa0IBXnHvb1Pr7iHKFmWVbClc5/s1600/f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYzvLoO6b43HlrKq-1hKeF6PZ0D5jnnOj3ZFBP81oTCMPNp25dcLfeDndr73Wn10vPvziCxLlTnFtZvVVKoiyAZKygQDxNPrWQRHxdRjKrvoQNd7QO1Roa0IBXnHvb1Pr7iHKFmWVbClc5/s1600/f.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Setelah
dieksekusi , terlihatlah dari hasil yang ditampilkan bahwa apa pun yang berada
pada blok komentar tidak ditampilkan ketika dieksekusi .<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Next , pada
tahap berikutnya akan dibahas Variabel pada PHP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<script async="" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>

<br />
<u>untuk tutorial yang lebih lengkap ckup disini</u><script>
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
</script>

</div>

</u></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://downloads.ziddu.com/download/23778203/Syntax-Dasar-PHP.rar.html">Ambil</a></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 32px; font-weight: bold; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /></span></div>
</p>

Syntax Dasar PHP File PHP bisa saja hanya diisi oleh script php. Namun dalam sebuah website, php biasanya bergandengan den...

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI

<p><br />
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perancangan sistem informasi merupakan pengembangan
sistem baru dari sistem lama yang ada, dimana masalah-masalah yang terjadi pada
sistem lama diharapkan sudah teratasi pada sistem yang baru.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sekarang dibahas:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">          
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Siklus
hidup<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">          
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis
Perancangan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SIKLUS HIDUP PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI (SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLES - SDLC)<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Secara konseptual siklus pengembangan sebuah sistem
informasi adalah sbb:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis Sistem: menganalisis dan mendefinisikan masalah dan kemungkinan
solusinya untuk sistem informasi dan proses organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perancangan Sistem: merancang output, input, struktur file, program,
prosedur, perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang diperlukan untuk mendukung
sistem informasi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pembangunan dan Testing Sistem: membangun perangkat lunak yang diperlukan
untuk mendukung sistem dan melakukan testing secara akurat. Melakukan instalasi
dan testing terhadap perangkat keras dan mengoperasikan perangkat lunak<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Implementasi Sistem: beralih dari sistem lama ke sistem baru, melakukan
pelatihan dan panduan seperlunya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operasi dan Perawatan: mendukung operasi sistem informasi dan melakukan
perubahan atau tambahan fasilitas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Evaluasi Sistem: mengevaluasi sejauih mana sistem telah dibangun dan
seberapa bagus sistem telah dioperasikan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Siklus tersebut berlangsung secara berulang-ulang.
Siklus di atas merupakan model klasik dari pengembangan sistem informasi.
Model-model baru, seperti prototyping, spiral, 4GT dan kombinasi dikembangkan
dari model klasik di atas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span lang="SV">ANALISIS SISTEM</span><br />
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<u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alasan pentingnya mengawali
analisis sistem</span></span></u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Problem-solving: sistem lama tidak berfungsi sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Untuk
itu analisis diperlukan untuk memperbaiki sistem sehingga dapat berfungsi
sesuai dengan kebutuhan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kebutuhan baru: adanya kebutuhan baru dalam organisasi atau lingkungan
sehingga diperlukan adanya modifikasi atau tambahan sistem informasi untuk
mendukung organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengimplementasikan ide atau teknologi baru.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Meningkatkan performansi sistem secara keseluruhan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Batasan analisis sistem</span></span></u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aktifitas yang dilakukan dalam analisis sistem
harus dapat menjawab pertanyaan umum, sbb:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sistem baru apakah yang akan dibangun? atau <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sistem apakah yang akan ditambahkan atau dimodifikasi pada sistem lama yang
sudah ada?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk itu secara detail harus dijawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Informasi
apakah yang dibutuhkan?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oleh
siapa?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kapan?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dimana? <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dalam
bentuk apa?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagaimana
cara memperolehnya?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dari mana
asalnya?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bagaimana
cara mengumpulkannya?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proposal mengadakan analisis sistem</span></span></u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berisi:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Definisi yang jelas dan konsisten tentang alasan untuk analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Definisi batasan analisis yang akan dilakukan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Identifikasi fakta yang akan dikumpulkan dan dipelajari selama analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Identifikasi sumber dimana fakta dapat diperoleh<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uraian tujuan dan kendala yang mungkin dalam analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proyeksi
kemungkinan masalah yang akan terjadi selama analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Jadwal
tentatif analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sumber-sumber fakta yang dapat
dipelajari untuk analisis sistem</span></span></u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sistem
yang ada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sumber internal lain: orang, dokumen, dan hubungan antara orang-organisasi
atau fungsi ada<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sumber External: interface dengan sistem lain, seminar, vendor, jurnal,
textbook dan informasi atau ilmu lain yang berada diluar sistem<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kerangka Analisis</span></span></u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis terhadap level pembuat keputusan (manajemen organisasi):
menganalisa organisasi, fungsi dan informasi yang dibutuhkan beserta informasi
yang dihasilkan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis terhadap flow informasi: mengidentifikasi informasi apa yang
diperlukan, siapa yang memerlukan, dari mana asalnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis
terhadap input dan output. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dalam analisis ini digunakan teknik dan alat bantu, a.l: interview,
questionaire, observation, sampling and document gathering, charting
(organisasi, flow, dfd, ER, OO, dll), decision table and matric<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Laporan hasil analisis</span></span></u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Laporan hasil analisis harus berisi: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uraian alasan dan scope (batasan) analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Deskripsi sistem yang ada dan operasinya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uraian tujuan (objektif) dan kendala sistem<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Deskripsi tentang masalah-masalah yang belum teratasi dan potensi masalah<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Uraian
tentang asumsi-asumsi yang diambil oleh analis sistem selama proses analisis<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Rekomendasi-rekomendasi sistem yang baru dan kebutuhannya untuk desain awal<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proyeksi kebutuhan sumber daya dan biaya yang diharapkan termasuk dalam
desain sistem baru atau memodifikasinya. </span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proyeksi ini termasuk kelayakan untuk proses selanjutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yang terpenting adalah bagian 6 dan 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Katagori aspek kelayakan</span></span></u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelayakan teknis: kelayakan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelayakan ekonomi: apakah ada keuntungan atau kerugian, efisiensi biasa
operasional organisasi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelayakan operasi: berhubungan dengan prosedur operasi dan orang yang
menjalankan organisasi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kelayakan jadwal: dapat menggunakan model-model penjadwalan seperti PERT
dan GANTT CHART. </span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Apakah jadwal
pengembangan layak atau tidak. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hasil akhir analisis sistem (keputusan):<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hentikan pekerjaan, karena proposal tidak layak.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tunggu beberapa saat, karena masih ada pertimbangan lain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Modifikasi,
manajemen memutuskan untuk memodifikasi prososal dengan subsistem lain.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proses dengan syarat, ada persyaratan kelayakan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Proses
tanpa syarat, semua syarat terpenuhi. Proposal diterima dan proses dilanjutkan
ke desain awal.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
PERANCANGAN SISTEM<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Analisis sistem digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan what? Sedangkan
desain digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan how? Desain berkonsentrasi pada
bagaimana system dibangun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pada fase analisis.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Elemen-elemen pengetahuan yang
berhubungan dengan proses desain:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sumber
daya organisasi: bertumpu pada 5 unsur organisasi, yaitu: man, machines,
material, money dan methods.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Informasi kebutuhan dari pemakai: informasi yang diperoleh dari pemakai
selama fase analisis sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kebutuhan sistem: hasil dari analisis sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Metode
pemrosesan data, apakah: manual, elektromechanical, puched card, atau computer
base.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Operasi
data. Ada beberapa operasi dasar data, a.l: capture, classify, arrange,
summarize, calculate, store, retrieve, reproduce dan disseminate.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alat bantu
desain, seperti: dfd, dcd, dd, decision table dll.<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">

</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Langkah dasar dalam proses desain:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mendefinisikan tujuan sistem (defining system goal), tidak hanya
berdasarkan informasi pemakai, akan tetapi juga berupa telaah dari abstraksi
dan karakteristik keseluruhan kebutuhan informasi sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Membangun sebuah model konseptual (develop a conceptual model), berupa
gambaran sistem secara keseluruhan yang menggambarkan satuan fungsional sebagai
unit sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menerapkan
kendala2 organisasi (applying organizational contraints). </span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menerapkan kendala-kendala
sistem untuk memperoleh sistem yang paling optimal. </span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Elemen organisasi merupakan kendala, sedangkan
fungsi-fungsi yang harus dioptimalkan adalah: performance, reliability, cost,
instalation schedule, maintenability, flexibility, grouwth potensial, life
expectancy. Model untuk sistem optimal dapat digambarkan sebagai sebuah model
yang mengandung: kebutuhan sistem dan sumber daya organisasi sebagai input;
faktor bobot terdiri atas fungsi-fungsi optimal di atas; dan total nilai yang
harus dioptimalkan dari faktor bobot tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mendefinisikan
aktifitas pemrosesan data (defining data processing activities). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pendefinisian ini dapat
dilakukan dengan pendekatan input-proses-output. </span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Untuk menentukan hal ini diperlukan proses iteratif sbb: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengidentifikasn
output terpenting untuk mendukung/mencapai tujuan sistem (system’s goal)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Me-list
field spesifik informasi yang diperlukan untuk menyediakan output tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengidentifikasi
input data spesifikik yang diperlukan untuk membangun field informasi yang
diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mendeskripsikan
operasi pemrosesan data yang diterapkan untuk mengolah input menjadi output
yang diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengidentifikasi
elemen input yang menjadi masukan dan bagian yang disimpan selama pemrosesan
input menjadi output.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">f.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ulangi
langkah a-e terus menerus samapi semua output yang dibutuhkan diperoleh.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">g.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bangun
basis data yang akan mendukung efektifitas sistem untuk memenuhi kebutuhan
sistem, cara pemrosesan data dan karakteristik data.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">h.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Berdasarakan
kendala-kendala pembangunan sistem, prioritas pendukung, estimasi cost
pembangunan; kurangi input, output dan pemrosesan yang ekstrim<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">i.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Definisikan
berbagai titik kontrol untuk mengatur aktifitas pemrosesan data yang menentukan
kualitas umum pemrosesan data.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">j.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Selesaikan
format input dan output yang terbaik untuk desain sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyiapkan
proposal sistem desain. Proposal ini diperlukan untuk manajemen apakah proses
selanjutnya layak untuk dilanjutkan atau tidak. Hal-hal yang perlu disiapkan
dalam penyusunan proposal ini adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyatakan
ulang tentang alasan untuk mengawali kerja sistem termasuk tujuan/objektif
khusus dan yang berhubungan dengan kebutuhan user dan desain sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menyiapkan  model yang sederhana akan
tetapi menyeluruh sistem yang akan diajukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Menampilkan semua sumber daya yang tersedia untuk mengimplementasikan dan
merawat sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mengidentifikasi asumsi kritis dan masalah yang belum teratasi yang mungkin
berpengaruh terhadap desain sistem akhir.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sedangkan format dari proposal
desain ini sangat berfariasi akan tetapi mengandung hal-hal di atas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<u><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prinsip Dasar Desain<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Ada 2 prinsip dasar desain, a.l:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Desain sistem monolitik. Ditekankan pada integrasi sistem. Resource mana
yang bisa diintegrasikan untuk memperoleh sistem yang efektif terutama dalam
cost.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Desain sistem modular. Ditekankan pada pemecahan fungsi-fungsi yang
memiliki idependensi rendah menjadi modul-modul (subsistem fungsional) yang
terpisah sehingga memudahkan kita untuk berkonsentrasi mendesain per modul.
Sebuah sistem informasi dapat dipecah menjadi 7 subsistem fungsional, a.l: data
collection, data processing, file update, data storage, data retrival,
information report dan data processing controls<u>.</u><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Petunjuk umum dalam desain
subsistem fungsional sebuah sistem informasi:<o:p></o:p></span></span></u></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sumber data sebaiknya hanya dikumpulkan sekali sebagai input ke sistem
informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Akurasi
sumber data sangat tergantung pada banyaknya langkah untuk me-record, collect
dan prepare data untuk prosessing. Semakin sedikit langkah semakin akurat.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data yang  dihasilkan dari sistem
berbasis komputer sebaiknya tidak dimasukkan lagi ke sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pewaktuan yang diperlukan untuk mengumpulkan data harus lebih kecil dari
pewaktuan informasi tersebut diperlukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Perlu
pemilihan cara pengumpulan data yang paling optimal<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Pengumpulan data tidak harus on-line, melainkan tergantung dari kebutuhan
informasi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">       
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semua sumber data harus dapat di validasi dan diedit segera setelah di
kumpulkan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">8.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data yang sudah divalidasi, sebaiknya tidak divalidasi pada proses
selanjutnya.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">9.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Total kontrol harus segera di cek lagi sebelum dan sesudah sebuah aktifitas
prosesing yang besar dilakukan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">10.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span lang="SV" style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Data harus dapat disimpan hanya di 1 tempat dalam basis data kecuali ada
kendala sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">11.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">      
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semua
field data sebaiknya memiliki prosedur entri dan maintenance.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">12.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semua data
harus dapat dicetak dalam format yang berarti untuk keperluan audit.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">13.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">File
transaksi harus di maintain paling tidak dalam 1 siklus update ke basis data.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">14.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prosedur
backup dan security harus disediakan untuk semua field data.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">15.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Setiap
file non sequential perlu memiliki prosedur reorganisasi secara periodik.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">16.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">    
</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Semua
field data harus memiliki tanggal update/akses penyimpanan terakhir.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Candara, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</p>

PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI Perancangan sistem informasi merupakan pengembangan sistem baru dari sistem lama yang ada, dimana masalah-...