PEDIA: Metode Pencarian Vertex |

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<b><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">E. </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Metode
Pencarian Vertex</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencarian
vertex adalah proses umum dalam graph. Terdapat 2 metoda pencarian</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, yakni
Depth First Search (DFS) dan Breadth First Search (BFS).</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a. </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Depth
First Search (DFS)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pencarian
dengan metode ini dilakukan dari node awal
secara mendalam hingg</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang paling akhir (dead-end</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">)</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> atau sampai ditemukan.Dengan kata lain,simpul cabang atau anak yang terlebih dahulu dikunjungi.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Proses pencarian dilakukan
dengan mengunjungi cabang terlebih dahulu hingga tiba di simpul terakhir. Jika
tujuan yang diinginkan belum tercapai maka   pencarian
dilanjutkan  ke  cabang  sebelumnya,  turun  ke  bawah  jika  memang
masih  ada  cabangnya.  Begitu seterusnya hingga diperoleh
tujuan akhir (goal).  Depth First Search, memiliki kelebihan
diantaranya adalah cepat mencapai kedalaman ruang pencarian. Jika diketahui
bahwa lintasan solusi permasalahan
akan  panjang  maka  Depth  First  Search  tidak  akan  memboroskan
waktu  untuk  melakukan  sejumlah  besar  keadaan  dangkal  dalam
permasalahan graf. Depth First Search jauh lebih efisien untuk ruang
pencarian  dengan  banyak  cabang  karena  tidak  perlu  mengeksekusi
semua simpul pada suatu level tertentu pada daftar open. Selain itu,
Depth  First  Search  memerlukan  memori  yang  relatif  kecil  karena
banyak node pada lintasan yang aktif saja yang Selain kelebihan, Depth First
Search juga memiliki kelemahan di antaranya adalah memungkinkan tidak
ditemukannya tujuan yang diharapkan  dan  hanya  akan  mendapatkan  satu  solusi  pada  setiap
pencarian.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b. </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Breadth
First Search (BFS)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Prosedu</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">r </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Breadth First Search</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (BFS) </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">merupakan pencarian yang dilakukan dengan
mengunjungi tiap-tiap node secara sistematis pada
setiap  level  hingga  keadaan tujuan
(goal  state) ditemukan. Atau dengan kat</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">lain,
penulusuran   yang   dilakukan   adalah   dengan
mengunjungi tiap-tiap node pada level yang sama hingga ditemukan
goal  state-nya. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Implementasi algoritma
BFS </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengimplementasian</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> BFS </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">dapat ditelusuri dengan  </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">m</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">enggunakan daftar (list),   open, dan
closed, untuk menelusuri gerakan pencarian di
dalam  ruang  keadaan.  Prosedur untuk Breadth
First Search </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">d</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">apat dituliskan sebagai berikut:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pada </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">diatas</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, state 21 merupakan tujuannya (goal) sehingga bila
ditelusuri   menggunakan prosedur  Breadth First
Search, diperoleh:</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)     Open
= [1]; closed = [ ].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)     Open
= [2, 3, 4]; closed = [1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3)     Open
= [3, 4, 5, 6]; closd = [2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4)     Open
= [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]; closed = [3, 2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5)     Open
= [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; closed = [4, 3, 2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)     Open
= [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]; closed = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7)     Open  =  [7,  8,  9,  10,  11,  12,  13]  (karena  12  telah  di-open);</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">         </span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">closed = [6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8)     Open
= [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]; closed = [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9)     Dan
seterusnya sampai state 21 diperoleh atau open = [ ].</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ada  beberapa  keuntungan  menggunakan  algoritma  Breadth
First Search ini, diantaranya adalah tidak akan menemui jalan buntu dan jika ada   satu
solusi maka Breadth First Search akan menemukannya, dan jika ada
lebih  dari  satu  solusi  maka solusi
minimum akan ditemukan.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Namun  ada  tiga  persoalan  utama  berkenaan  dengan  Breadth
First Search ini yaitu</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1)
Membutuhkan  memori  yang  lebih  besar,  karena
menyimpan semua node dalam satu pohon. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2)
Membutuhkan   sejumlah   besar   pekerjaan,   khususnya   jika
lintasan  solusi  terpendek  cukup  panjang,  karena  jumlah  node
yang  perlu  diperiksa  bertambah  secara  eksponensial  terhadap
panjang lintasan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3) Tidak relevannya
operato</span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">r</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> akan menambah jumlah node yang harus
diperiksa.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Oleh  karena  proses  Breadth  First  Search  mengamati  node  di
setiap  level  graf  sebelum  bergerak  menuju  ruang  yang  lebih  dalam
maka  mula-mula  semua  keadaan  akan  dicapai  lewat  lintasan  yang
terpendek  dari  keadaan  awal.  Oleh  sebab  itu,  proses  ini  menjamin
ditemukannya  lintasan  terpendek  dari  keadaan  awal  ke  keadaan
tujuan   (akhir).   Lebih   jauh   karena   mula-mula   semua   keadaan
ditemukan melalui lintasan terpendek sehingga setiap keadaan  yang
ditemui  pada  kali  kedua  didapati  pada  sepanjang  sebuah  lintasan
yang sama atau lebih panjang. Kemudian, jika tidak ada kesempatan
ditemukannya  keadaan  yang  identik  pada  sepanjang  lintasan  yang
lebih baik maka algoritma akan menghapusnya.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #262626; font-family: ""sans-serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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E. Metode Pencarian Vertex Pencarian vertex adalah proses umum dalam graph. Terdapat 2 metoda pencarian , yakni Depth First Search (D...